Enabling NVIDIA GPU support on Talos is bound by NVIDIA EULA. The Talos published NVIDIA drivers are bound to a specific Talos release. The extensions versions also needs to be updated when upgrading Talos.
We will be using the following NVIDIA system extensions:
  • nonfree-kmod-nvidia
  • nvidia-container-toolkit
To build a NVIDIA driver version not published by SideroLabs follow the instructions here
Create the boot assets which includes the system extensions mentioned above (or create a custom installer and perform a machine upgrade if Talos is already installed).
Make sure the driver version matches for both the nonfree-kmod-nvidia and nvidia-container-toolkit extensions. The nonfree-kmod-nvidia extension is versioned as <nvidia-driver-version>-<talos-release-version> and the nvidia-container-toolkit extension is versioned as <nvidia-driver-version>-<nvidia-container-toolkit-version>.

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Proprietary vs OSS Nvidia Driver Support

The NVIDIA Linux GPU Driver contains several kernel modules: nvidia.ko, nvidia-modeset.ko, nvidia-uvm.ko, nvidia-drm.ko, and nvidia-peermem.ko. Two “flavors” of these kernel modules are provided, and both are available for use within Talos: The choice between Proprietary/OSS may be decided after referencing the Official NVIDIA announcement.

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Enabling the NVIDIA modules and the system extension

Patch Talos machine configuration using the patch gpu-worker-patch.yaml: 
machine:
  kernel:
    modules:
      - name: nvidia
      - name: nvidia_uvm
      - name: nvidia_drm
      - name: nvidia_modeset
  sysctls:
    net.core.bpf_jit_harden: 1
Now apply the patch to all Talos nodes in the cluster having NVIDIA GPU’s installed: 
talosctl patch mc --patch @gpu-worker-patch.yaml
The NVIDIA modules should be loaded and the system extension should be installed. This can be confirmed by running: 
talosctl read /proc/modules
which should produce an output similar to below: 
nvidia_uvm 1146880 - - Live 0xffffffffc2733000 (PO)
nvidia_drm 69632 - - Live 0xffffffffc2721000 (PO)
nvidia_modeset 1142784 - - Live 0xffffffffc25ea000 (PO)
nvidia 39047168 - - Live 0xffffffffc00ac000 (PO)

talosctl get extensions
which should produce an output similar to below: 
NODE           NAMESPACE   TYPE              ID                                                                 VERSION   NAME                       VERSION
172.31.41.27   runtime     ExtensionStatus   000.ghcr.io-frezbo-nvidia-container-toolkit-510.60.02-v1.9.0       1         nvidia-container-toolkit   510.60.02-v1.9.0

talosctl read /proc/driver/nvidia/version
which should produce an output similar to below: 
NVRM version: NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module  510.60.02  Wed Mar 16 11:24:05 UTC 2022
GCC version:  gcc version 11.2.0 (GCC)

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Deploying NVIDIA device plugin

First we need to create the RuntimeClass Apply the following manifest to create a runtime class that uses the extension: 
---
apiVersion: node.k8s.io/v1
kind: RuntimeClass
metadata:
  name: nvidia
handler: nvidia
Install the NVIDIA device plugin: 
helm repo add nvdp https://nvidia.github.io/k8s-device-plugin
helm repo update
helm install nvidia-device-plugin nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin --version=0.13.0 --set=runtimeClassName=nvidia

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(Optional) Setting the default runtime class as nvidia

Do note that this will set the default runtime class to nvidia for all pods scheduled on the node.
Create a patch yaml nvidia-default-runtimeclass.yaml to update the machine config similar to below: 
- op: add
  path: /machine/files
  value:
    - content: |
        [plugins]
          [plugins."io.containerd.cri.v1.runtime"]
            [plugins."io.containerd.cri.v1.runtime".containerd]
              default_runtime_name = "nvidia"
      path: /etc/cri/conf.d/20-customization.part
      op: create
Now apply the patch to all Talos nodes in the cluster having NVIDIA GPU’s installed: 
talosctl patch mc --patch @nvidia-default-runtimeclass.yaml

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Testing the runtime class

Note the spec.runtimeClassName being explicitly set to nvidia in the pod spec.
Run the following command to test the runtime class: 
kubectl run \
  nvidia-test \
  --restart=Never \
  -ti --rm \
  --image nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.5.0-base-ubuntu22.04 \
  --overrides '{"spec": {"runtimeClassName": "nvidia"}}' \
  nvidia-smi